Publishing the package and making it available for Test and Production environments is the work of a different team, such as IT. The deployment paths on Orchestrator have been changed from their default to folders managed by the VCS, by changing the Storage.Location value in the UiPath.Orchestrator.dll.config file in the Deployment section. Google Data Studio turns your data into informative dashboards and reports that are easy to read, easy to share, and fully customizable.
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Being a traditional desktop program, Microsoft Access has been mostly used for small-scale internal database projects. Its deployment limitations for the web have made the software nearly obsolete in the modern business world. Thus publishing Access database to the web has become a common request among businesses that require easy access to information from any device.
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The Logcat window in Android Studio displays system messages, such as when a garbagecollection occurs, and messages that you added to your app with the Log class. It displays messages in realtime and keeps a history so you can view older messages.
To display just the information of interest, you can create filters, modifyhow much information is displayed in messages, set priority levels, displaymessages produced by app code only, and search the log. By default, logcatshows the log output related to the most recently run app only.
When an app throws an exception, logcat shows a messagefollowed by the associated stack trace containing links to the line of code.
As of Android Studio 2.2, the Run window also displays log messages for the currentrunning app. Note that you can configure the logcat output display, but not the Runwindow.
View your app logs
To display the log messages for an app:
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- Build and run your app on a device.
- Click View > Tool Windows > Logcat (or click Logcat in the tool window bar).
The Logcat window shows the log messages for the selected app, as selected from the dropdownlists at the top of the window, as shown in figure 1.
Figure 1. Logcat window
By default, logcat displays just the log messages for your app running on the device. To change this default, see how to filter logcat messages.
The Logcat toolbar provides the following buttons: Rogue tier for all of yourneeds.
- Clear logcat : Click to clear the visible log.
- Scroll to the end : Click to jump to the bottom of the log and see the latest log messages. If you then click a line in the log, the view pauses scrolling at that point.
- Up the stack trace and Down the stack trace : Click to navigate up and down the stack traces in the log, selecting the subsequent filenames (and viewing the correspnding line numbers in the editor) that appear in the printed exceptions. This is the same behavior as when you click on a filename in the log.
- Use soft wraps : Click to enable line wrapping and prevent horizontal scrolling (though any unbreakable strings will still require horizontal scrolling).
- Print : Click to print the logcat messages. After selecting your print preferences in the dialog that appears, you can also choose to save to a PDF.
- Restart : Click to clear the log and restart logcat. Unlike the Clear logcat button, this recovers and displays previous log messages, so is most useful if Logcat becomes unresponsive and you don't want to lose your log messages.
- Logcat header : Click to open the Configure Logcat Header dialog, where you can customize the appearance of each logcat message, such as whether to show the date and time.
- Screen capture : Click to capture a screenshot.
- Screen record : Click to record a video of the device (for a maximum of 3 minutes).
Write log messages
The Log classallows you to create log messages that appearin logcat. Generally, you should use the following log methods,listed in order from the highest to lowest priority(or, least to most verbose):
Log.e(String, String)(error)Log.w(String, String)(warning)Log.i(String, String)(information)Log.d(String, String)(debug)Log.v(String, String)(verbose)
See the Log class descriptionfor a more complete list of options.
You should never compile verbose logs into your app, except duringdevelopment. Debug logs are compiled in but stripped at runtime, while error,warning, and info logs are always kept.
For each log method, the first parameter should be a unique tag and thesecond parameter is the message. Thetag of a system log message is a short string indicating the system componentfrom which the message originates (for example, ActivityManager). Your tag can be any string that you find helpful, such as the name ofthe current class.
A good convention is to declare a TAG constant in your class touse in the first parameter. For example, you might create an information logmessage as follows:
Note: Tag names greater than 23 characters are truncated in the logcat output.
Logcat message format
Every Android log message has a tag and a priority associated with it. The tag of a system log message is a short string indicating the system component from which the message originates (for example, ActivityManager). A user-defined tag can be any string that you find helpful, such as the name of the current class (the recommended tag). You define it in a Log method call, for example:
The priority is one of the following values:
- V: Verbose (lowest priority)
- D: Debug
- I: Info
- W: Warning
- E: Error
- A: Assert
The log message format is:
For example, the following log message has a priority of V and a tag of AuthZen:
PID stands for process identifier and TID is thread identifier; they can be the same if there’s only one thread.
Set the log level
You can control how many messages appear in logcat by setting the log level. You can display all messages, or just the messages indicating the most severe conditions.
Remember that logcat continues to collect all messages regardless of the log level setting. The setting just determines what logcat displays.
In the Log level menu, select one of the following values:
- Verbose: Show all log messages (the default).
- Debug: Show debug log messages that are useful during development only, as well as the message levels lower in this list.
- Info: Show expected log messages for regular usage, as well as the message levels lower in this list.
- Warn: Show possible issues that are not yet errors, as well as the message levels lower in this list.
- Error: Show issues that have caused errors, as well as the message level lower in this list.
- Assert: Show issues that the developer expects should never happen.
Search logcat messages
To search the messages currently displayed in logcat:
- Optionally select Regex if you want to use a regular expression search pattern.
- Type a character sequence in the search field .
The logcat output display changes accordingly.
- Press Enter to store the search string in the menu during this session.
- To repeat a search, choose it from the search menu. Select or deselect Regex as needed (the setting isn’t remembered).
Filter logcat messages
One way to reduce the log output to a manageable level is to restrict it by using a filter.
Note: The filter applies to your full logcat history, not just those messages currently displayed in logcat. Make sure your other display options are set appropriately so you can see the filter output you want to examine.
To define and apply a filter:
- In the filter menu, select a filter option:
- Show only selected application: Display the messages produced by the app code only (the default). Logcat filters the log messages using the PID of the active app.
- No Filters: Apply no filters. Logcat displays all log messages from the device, regardless of which process you selected.
- Edit Filter Configuration: Create or modify a custom filter. For example, you could create a filter to view log messages from two apps at the same time.
After you define filters, you can also select them in the menu. To remove them from the menu, delete them.
- If you selected Edit Filter Configuration, create or modify a filter:
- Specify the filter parameters in the Create New Logcat Filter dialog:
- Filter Name: Type the name of a filter you want to define, or select it in the left pane to modify an existing filter. The name can contain lowercase characters, underscores, and digits only.
- Log Tag: Optionally specify a tag. For more information, see logcat Message Format.
- Log Message: Optionally specify log message text. For more information, see logcat Message Format.
- Package Name: Optionally specify a package name. For more information, see logcat Message Format.
- PID: Optionally specify a process ID. For more information, see logcat Message Format.
- Log Level: Optionally select a log level. For more information, see Set the Log Level.
- Regex: Select this option to use regular expression syntax for that parameter.
- Click + to add the filter definition to the left pane.
To remove a filter, select it in the left pane and click -.
- When you’re finished, click OK.
- Specify the filter parameters in the Create New Logcat Filter dialog:
If you don't think you see the log messages you want, try selectingNo filters and searching for particularlog messages.
Read garbage collection messages
Sometimes when a garbage collection event occurs, they're printed to logcat.
For more detail about your app's memory, use theMemory Profiler.
Dalvik log messages
In Dalvik (but not ART), every GC prints the following information to logcat:
Example:
- GC Reason
- What triggered the GC and what kind of collection it is. Reasons that might appearinclude:
GC_CONCURRENT- A concurrent GC that frees up memory as your heap begins to fill up.
GC_FOR_MALLOC- A GC was caused because your app attempted to allocate memory when your heap wasalready full, so the system had to stop your app and reclaim memory.
GC_HPROF_DUMP_HEAP- A GC that occurs when you request to create an HPROF file to analyze your heap.
GC_EXPLICIT- An explicit GC, such as when you call
gc()(which youshould avoid calling and instead trust the GC to run when needed). GC_EXTERNAL_ALLOC- This happens only on API level 10 and lower (newer versions allocate everything in the Dalvikheap). A GC for externally allocated memory (such as the pixel data stored innative memory or NIO byte buffers).
- Amount freed
- The amount of memory reclaimed from this GC.
- Heap stats
- Percentage free of the heap and (number of live objects)/(total heap size).
- External memory stats
- Externally allocated memory on API level 10 and lower (amount of allocated memory) / (limit atwhich collection will occur).
- Pause time
- Larger heaps will have larger pause times. Concurrent pause times show two pauses: one at thebeginning of the collection and another near the end.
While these log messages accumulate, look out for increases in the heap stats (the3571K/9991K value in the above example). If this value continues to increase, you mighthave a memory leak.
ART log messages
Unlike Dalvik, ART doesn't log messages for GCs that were not explicitly requested. GCs are onlyprinted when they are deemed slow. More precisely, if the GC pause exceeds 5ms orthe GC duration exceeds 100ms. If the app is not in a pause perceptible state(such as when the app is in the background, where the user cannot preceive a GCpause), then none of its GCs are deemed slow. Explicit GCs are always logged.
ART includes the following information in its garbage collection log messages:
Example:
Log Of Making Dataopenbve Data Publishing Studio Software
What triggered the GC and what kind of collection it is. Reasons that might appearinclude:ConcurrentAllocExplicitgc() orgc(). Like Dalvik, in ART thebest practice is that you trust the GC and avoid requesting explicit GCs, if possible.Explicit GCs are discouraged because they block the allocating thread and unnecessarily waste CPUcycles. Explicit GCs could also cause jank (stuttering, juddering, or halting in the app) if theycause other threads to get preempted.NativeAllocCollectorTransitionThis occurs only on low RAM device prior to Android 8.0when an app changes process states from a pauseperceptible state (such as when the app is in the foreground, where the user canpreceive a GC pause) to a non pause perceptible state (or visa versa).
HomogeneousSpaceCompactDisableMovingGcHeapTrimLog Of Making Dataopenbve Data Publishing Studio Download
- GC Name
- ART has various different GCs which can get run.
Concurrent mark sweep (CMS)- A whole heap collector which frees collects all spaces other than the image space.
Concurrent partial mark sweep- A mostly whole heap collector which collects all spaces other than the image and zygote spaces.
Concurrent sticky mark sweep- A generational collector which can only free objects allocated since the last GC. This garbagecollection is run more often than a full or partial mark sweep since it is faster and has lower pauses.
Marksweep + semispace- A non concurrent, copying GC used for heap transitions as well as homogeneous spacecompaction (to defragement the heap).
- Objects freed
- The number of objects which were reclaimed from this GC from the non largeobject space.
- Size freed
- The number of bytes which were reclaimed from this GC from the non large objectspace.
- Large objects freed
- The number of object in the large object space which were reclaimed from this garbagecollection.
- Large object size freed
- The number of bytes in the large object space which were reclaimed from this garbagecollection.
- Heap stats
- Percentage free and (number of live objects)/(total heap size).
- Pause times
- In general pause times are proportional to the number of object references which were modifiedwhile the GC was running. Currently, the ART CMS GCs only has one pause, near the end of the GC.The moving GCs have a long pause which lasts for the majority of the GC duration.
If you are seeing a large amount of GCs in logcat, look for increases in the heap stats (the25MB/38MB value in the above example). If this value continues to increase and doesn'tever seem to get smaller, you could have a memory leak. Alternatively, if you are seeing GC whichare for the reason 'Alloc', then you are already operating near your heap capacity and can expectOOM exceptions in the near future.